Birth Of Child Research Articles

REVIEWING BARRIERS TO PARTICIPATION IN RECREATION AREAS AMONG THE FAMILIES HAVING CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

Families, the smallest units of the society, are the social groups where we spend most of our lives. Every parent acts with an aim to raise healthy and happy children but some compulsory changes occur in the aims of the parents with the birth of children with health problems; which directly affects many parents’ life standards and ordinary life habits. These effects have been focused on by many scientific researches. This current study aims to review barriers to participation in recreation areas among the families having children with special needs. To this end, 545 parents who were recruited using a suitable non-random sampling method from Mersin Province joined the study. In the study, Scale of Participation Barriers to the Use of Recreation Area –developed by Gümüş and Alay- were used in addition to an Information Request Form as data collection tool. To analyze the data; -in addition to the descriptive statistics- t-test (which is one of the parametric tests) was used to compare averages of two independent groups in the normal distribution while one way variance analysis was used to analyze three or more groups. As the result of the analyses of the data obtained from the study group and their participation in recreation areas; the most important participation barriers and subscales of Scale of Participation Barriers to the Use of Recreation Area were found to be “sports area barrier” (4.01), “individual barrier” (3.34) and “time barrier” (2.89) as follows.

Do parenthood worries impede the birth of a second child? Differences according to the parent’s gender and spousal support in Finland

Objective: This study examines the extent to which the experience of parenthood worries among Finnish first-time parents predicts the probability of a second birth, and whether the associations differ according to the parent’s gender or the sufficiency of spousal support in parenting. Background: First-time parents’ withdrawal from having a second child has been connected to declining fertility rates in Finland and many other high-income countries; consequently, more understanding is needed about why parents potentially refrain from subsequent childbearing. Method: We utilize longitudinal survey data collected from Finnish parents (N = 544) in three waves (2016–2020). Results: The results show that experiencing parenthood worries significantly predicts the probability of a second birth. Specifically, the accumulation of parenthood worries predicted a lower probability of a second birth, and each additional worry decreased the probability significantly more for fathers compared to mothers. Although we found no gender differences regarding the associations between specific parenthood worries and the probability of a second birth, our results showed that fathers who worried about loneliness or having sole responsibility for parenting were less likely to have a second child than fathers with no such worries. In terms of the sufficiency of spousal support in parenting, we found, first, that among parents who received insufficient spousal support, those who worried about their parenting skills adequacy had a lower probability of a second birth than those with no such worries. Second, among parents with sufficient spousal support, worrying about their own ability to cope was associated with decreased probability of a second birth compared to those who did not experience such worry. Conclusion: Our findings provide new insights into the potential influence of parenthood worries experienced by first-time parents and the role of spousal support in subsequent childbearing.

Screening of voluntary blood donors for beta-thalassemia trait in an endemic area in Northwest India for 15 years: Results and future directions after screening more than 300 thousand donors

Abstract: BACKGROUND: North-West India has a high prevalence of the Thalassemia, and the Beta Thalassemia Trait often remains undetected in the population. Recognizing the need to address this public health issue, we initiated “Blood the Lifeline” project in 2006 with the aim to eradicate Thalassemia through proactive measures, including screening of voluntary blood donors. AIM: The primary aim of this study was to screen voluntary blood donors in an endemic area in northwestern India for Thalassemia trait. The study aimed to determine its prevalence, identify gender and ethnic group-wise distributions, and assess the implications for future interventions. METHODS: The screening program was conducted from January 2006 till December 2022. Voluntary blood donors were recruited from the target area and underwent Thalassemia trait screening. The screening process involved High Performance Liquid Chromatography using VARIANT II fully automated HPLC system to identify Thalassemia trait. Data regarding the total number of cases screened, gender distribution, ethnic group-wise distribution, and positive and negative cases were collected and analyzed. Screening Process: EDTA Pilot tube from each donor was collected and analyzed within 24 hrs of collection. RBC Counts, Hb Concentration, MCV, MCH, RDW-SD were noted to differentiate between Iron Deficiency Anaemia & thalassemia trait & following Criteria’s were taken into account: Total RBC Count: > 5.0 x 106 / micro-liter, Hb: < 11.7 g/dl, MCV: < 77 fl, MCH: < 28 pg & RDW-SD: < 45 fl. A combination of Formulas like Mentzer’s index= MCV/RBC <13; Shine and Lal Index (S&L) = MCV × (MCH/100) < 1530; Green & King (MCV2) × RDW]/ (Hb × 100) < 65 were used for screening. All the above formulas were introduced into the Blood Bank Software to exclude out the blood units requiring screening & confirmation. If any of the samples were positive on initial screening, then confirmatory test was done by demonstrating the elevation of concentration of HbA2 by HPLC VARIANT II fully automated analyser. RESULTS: A total of 377,503 voluntary blood donors for a 16 year period were screened and data was analysed .The Mean Hemoglobin of positive donors was 12.1 gm/dl; Mean RBC Count was 6.24 m/cu mm, MCV 67.79 fl, MCH 21.04 pg, RDW-SD 42.11fl & HbA2 was 7.48%. The majority of positive cases were found in the Sindhi (16.68%), Punjabi (10.32%), and Muslim (9.81%) ethnic groups. The Rajasthani population accounted for 6.01% of positive cases. CONCLUSION: This comprehensive screening program revealed a relatively high prevalence of Thalassemia trait in 2.29% of the screened population. The communities with higher prevalence (Sindhi, Punjabi, and Muslim) were educated about the disease and a targeted screening program will be further carried out in these ethnic groups. The data helped in planning genetic counseling, carrier screening, and pre-marital screening programs to reduce the transmission of Thalassemia in these populations. By focusing efforts on specific groups and locations with higher prevalence, a community based approach to prevent the birth of children with Thalassemia major is being implemented. It is also being used for analyzing the implications of different local policies pertaining to Thalassemia trait in the region. Collaborative efforts between healthcare organizations, community leaders, and governmental agencies are crucial to address the burden of Thalassemia and work towards its eradication. The results of this study serve as a foundation for future initiatives aimed at minimizing the impact of Thalassemia at a community level.

Aberrant methylation of placental development genes in chorionic villi of spontaneous abortions with trisomy 16.

In humans, aneuploidy is incompatible with the birth of healthy children and mainly leads to the death of embryos in the early stages of development in the first trimester of pregnancy. Trisomy 16 is the most common aneuploidy among spontaneous abortions of the first trimester of pregnancy. However, the mechanisms leading to the death of embryos with trisomy 16 remain insufficiently investigated. One of these potential mechanisms is abnormal placental development, including aberrant remodeling of spiral arteries. Spiral artery remodeling involves the migration of trophoblast cells into the maternal spiral arteries, replacing their endothelium and remodeling to ensure a stable embryonic nutrition and oxygen supply. This is a complex process which depends on many factors from both the embryo and the mother. We analyzed the methylation level of seven genes (ADORA2B, NPR3, PRDM1, PSG2, PHTLH, SV2C, and TICAM2) involved in placental development in the chorionic villi of spontaneous abortions with trisomy 16 (n = 14), compared with spontaneous abortions with a normal karyotype (n = 31) and the control group of induced abortions (n = 10). To obtain sequencing libraries, targeted amplification of individual gene regions using designed oligonucleotide primers for bisulfite-converted DNA was used. The analysis was carried out using targeted bisulfite massive parallel sequencing. In the group of spontaneous abortions with trisomy 16, the level of methylation of the PRDM1 and PSG2 genes was significantly increased compared to induced abortions (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0015, respectively). In the group of spontaneous abortions, there was no increase in the level of methylation of the PRDM1 and PSG2 genes, but the level of methylation of the ADORA2B gene was significantly increased compared to the induced abortions (p = 0.032). The results obtained indicate the potential mechanisms of the pathogenetic effect of trisomy 16 on the placental development with the participation of the studied genes.

PGT-M for spinocerebellar ataxia type 1: development of a STR panel and a report of two clinical cases.

To present the developed preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) for spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) and the outcomes of IVF with PGT. PGT was performed for two unrelated couples from the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) with the risk of SCA1 in one spouse. We have developed a system for PGT of a monogenic disease (PGT-M) for SCA1, which includes the analysis of a panel of 11 polymorphic STR markers linked to the ATXN1 gene and a pathogenic variant of the ATXN1 gene using nested PCR and fragment analysis. IVF/ICSI programs were performed according to standard protocols. Multiple displacement amplification (MDA) was used for whole genome amplification (WGA) and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) for aneuploidy testing (PGT-A). Eight STRs were informative for the first couple and ten for the second. Similarity of the haplotypes carrying pathogenic variants of the ATXN1 gene was noted. In the first case, during IVF/ICSI-PGT, three embryos reached the blastocyst stage and were biopsied. One embryo was diagnosed as normal by maternal STR haplotype and the ATXN1 allele. PGT-A revealed euploidy. The embryo transfer resulted in a singleton pregnancy, and a healthy boy was born. Postnatal diagnosis confirmed normal ATXN1. In the second case, two blastocysts were biopsied. Both were diagnosed as normal by PGT-M, but PGT-A revealed aneuploidy. Birth of a healthy child after PGT for SCA1 was the first case of successful preimplantation prevention of SCA1 for the Yakut couple and the first case of successful PGT for SCA1 in Russia.

Late reproduction is associated with extended female survival but not with familial longevity

Research QuestionIt is unknown whether better long-term somatic maintenance is directly related to reproductive health facets, and whether there is a shared, and possibly genetic, predisposition underlying both somatic and reproductive aging. Here we investigate whether facets of female reproductive health are related to individual lifespan or familial longevity. DesignObservational study including 10,255 females from a multigenerational historical cohort the LINKing System for historical family reconstruction (LINKS) and 1,258 females from 651 long-lived families in the Leiden Longevity Study. Age at last childbirth and number of children, as outcomes of reproductive success, were related to individual and familial longevity. In addition, the genetic predisposition in the form of a polygenic risk score (PRS) for age at menopause was studied in relation to familial longevity. ResultsFor each year increase in the age of the birth of the last child, a woman's lifespan increased with 0.06 years (22 days) (p<0.005). Females who survived to the oldest 10% of their birth cohort each year had a 9% lower chance of reaching the age of their last childbirth (HR 0.91 95% CI 0.86-0.95). Females who descend from long-living families did not have a higher mean age of last childbirth. There was no significant association between familial longevity and genetic predisposition to age at menopause. ConclusionsFemale reproductive health associates with a longer lifespan. Familial longevity does not associate to extended reproductive health. Other factors in somatic maintenance that support a longer lifespan are likely to have an impact on reproductive health.

REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH UTERINE SCAR

CS often has a certain impact on the subsequent reproductive activity of women: infertility, miscarriage, spontaneous abortion, and menstrual irregularities. In addition, a CS cannot always ensure the birth of a healthy child. Thus, in late pregnancy, infectious diseases of the mother, severe hypoxia, and especially in cases of very early premature birth, the health of the unborn child depends on many factors. The goal of the work optimize rehabilitation methods in the postoperative period.

IJCM_67A: Unmet need for family planning and the factors affecting it in rural area of Udupi district, Karnataka

Background: The world population is expected to increase from 8 billion currently to 9.7 billion in 2050. China (1.4 billion) and India (1.4 billion) remain the two most populous countries of the world representing 18 percent of the world’s population respectively. Unmet need for contraception and unintended pregnancy are important public health concerns for India in this context. Objectives: 1. To estimate the prevalence of unmet need for family planning among eligible couples. 2. To assess the knowledge and attitude towards contraceptive usage among the eligible couples Methodology: After obtaining the approval of institutional ethics committee, a cross sectional study was conducted in Shirva, a rural area of Udupi district, Karnataka. List of eligible couples residing in areas coming under the sub centres of CHC Shirva which is a field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine, KMC, Manipal was obtained. Married women of the age group 18-49 years who are were included in the study. Data was collected by personal interviews using a semi structured, pre -designed, pre-tested questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Regression analyses was performed to find out the independent effect of various factors. Results: From the preliminary analysis of 539 participants, the unmet need for family planning was found to be 43.4%. The mean age was found to be 33.68 with a standard deviation of 6.27. The mean age at marriage and the mean age at birth of first child were found to be 22.40 and 22.97 respectively. Most of participants belonged to Hindu religion (57%), followed by Muslims (38.2%) and Christians (4.6%). 36.7% were educated up to secondary school and 21.3% up to graduation and above. Conclusion: From this study, the unmet need for family planning was found to be high.

Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Minat Ibu dengan Pemilihan KB Suntik di Klinik Keluarga

Family Planning (FP) is an effort to control the birth of children, spacing, and the ideal age for giving birth to realize a quality family. This research aims to determine the relationship between the knowledge, attitudes, and interests of mothers with the choice of injectable FP at the Family Clinic in 2023. This study is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study is all FP acceptors at the Family Clinic, totaling 67 people. The respondents in this study are FP acceptors at the Family Clinic, totaling 40 respondents. The results of the study from 40 respondents show that mothers with high knowledge are 30 people (75%), mothers with positive attitudes are 28 people (70%), and mothers with high interest are 27 people (67.5%). The Chi-Square test results for the category of maternal knowledge with the choice of injectable FP obtained a value of p = 0.000 (p = &lt;0.05), while for the category of maternal attitude with the choice of injectable FP obtained a p-value of 0.000 &lt; (0.05), and for the category of maternal interest with the choice of injectable FP obtained a p-value of 0.032 &lt; (0.05). This study shows that there is a relationship between the knowledge, attitudes, and interests of mothers with the choice of injectable FP at the Family Clinic in 2023. It is advisable to always increase maternal knowledge to broaden maternal insights about FP.

Becoming a parent: Trajectories of family division of labor in Germany and the United States

The transition to parenthood represents a turning point shaping couples’ arrangements for paid work and housework. Previous studies often examined these changes in isolation, rather than as interrelated trajectories reflecting diverse models of family division of labor. Drawing on data from different-sex couples from the 1984–2019 Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the 1984–2020 German Socio-Economic Panel, this study uses multichannel sequence analysis to identify four and three patterned constellations of family division of labor in the United States and Germany, respectively. These constellations differ in women’s and men’s respective contributions to household earnings and their relative participation in housework, spanning from one year before to ten years after the birth of a first child. National differences are found in the identified constellations, their prevalence, and the role of couples’ conjoint education in shaping these constellations. In both countries, couples in which the husband has an educational advantage are most likely to transition to a traditional arrangement. However, only in the U.S. do couples with both partners holding a college degree also tend to enter a traditional arrangement. Furthermore, among U.S. couples in which the wife has an educational advantage, they are most likely to adopt a partly egalitarian arrangement (equal earnings but not housework) upon becoming parents.

Когнитивное и речевое развитие детей дошкольного возраста, зачатых путем вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives. &lt;/strong&gt;The mental health of children conceived using assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is a growing concern for parents and professionals. With a maximum compliance with the conditions for using reproductive technologies, the birth of a healthy child is expected. But some children conceived through artificial insemination have developmental problems, speech and/or cognitive problems. A pilot study was conducted on the cognitive and speech development of children from 3 to 8 years old with the aim of a comparative analysis of children from induced pregnancy with children conceived naturally, to determine the possible impact of ART methods on children's health.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods.&lt;/strong&gt; The cognitive and speech functions of 115 children aged 3 to 8 years were studied: 54 children from induced pregnancy were included in the experimental groups (EG 1 and EG 2) and 61 children from natural conception were included in the control groups (CG 1 and CG 2). The method of neuropsychological diagnostics of children of L.S. Tsvetkova and methods of speech therapy examination (assessment of the state of facial and articulatory muscles, breathing, prosodic speech, general speech development) were used. The results were processed through the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the correspondence of the child&amp;rsquo;s cognitive and speech development to normative ontogenesis.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;It has been determined that children conceived through ART have a high percentage of perinatal risk: 35% of children (n=54) conceived through ART have: mental disorders (autism, intellectual disability) and various speech disorders in 77% of cases, &amp;mdash; which has a negative impact on the development of cognitive activity. In children conceived naturally (n=61), the percentage of disorders was lower: in 47% of cases, cognitive disorders were noted, and in 60% of children, speech disorders of mild to moderate severity were identified.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions&lt;/strong&gt;. The hypothesis about the possible influence of the fertilization methods used, the characteristics of the procedure, the health status of the parents before conception, the course of the mother&amp;rsquo;s pregnancy and other prenatal factors on the occurrence of developmental disorders in children conceived through ART is supported. An interdisciplinary approach to organizing research will allow a comprehensive study of the developmental features of children from induced pregnancy and the timely identification of possible dysontogenetic risk factors.&lt;/p&gt;

Невротические состояния женщин и особенности отношения к новорожденному в ситуации «отягощенного» материнства

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives. &lt;/strong&gt;The growing number of children with mental health needs leads to an increase in the need for research on this issue. The subjective phenomenon of "burdened" motherhood is considered as an environmental risk factor for child mental health disorders. The article presents the results that allow us to consider the attitude to the newborn and the pronounced neurotic states of the mother among the unfavorable factors in the formation of the "mother-child" dyad.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods&lt;/strong&gt;. A total of 228 women participated in the study. Comparison groups of 173 respondents were formed. The unifying criterion of the groups is the special conditions for the formation of the "mother-child" system in the situation of "burdened" motherhood. 55 women with preserved reproductive function, whose pregnancy ended with the birth of a healthy child, are classified as "conditional norm". The Pregnant Woman's Attitude Test by I.V. Dobryakov, the Clinical Questionnaire of Neurotic States by K.K. Yakhin and D.M. Mendelevich, the method of semi-structured interview, the methods of statistical processing of empirical data Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Women in a situation of "burdened" motherhood are more likely to transmit an anxious attitude towards the newborn (U = 210.0; p = 0.004235). Positive correlations between anxious and depressive attitudes towards the newborn and indicators on the asthenia scale of the Neurotic States Questionnaire (r = 0.39; &amp;lt;0.05) are described. Empirical data have confirmed the presence of pronounced neurotic states in women in the situation of "burdened" motherhood on the following scales: "anxiety", "hysterical type of reaction", "obsessive-phobic disorders" and "vegetative disorders".&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;The obtained data indicate that the features of the attitude towards the newborn and the level of severity of neurotic states in women in the situation of "burdened" motherhood, can be considered among the risk factors for mental health disorders in infancy and young age.&lt;/p&gt;

Legal obstacles in registering the birth of a child who has reached the age of one or more according to the civil law of Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of the issue of legal obstacles in the registration of the birth of a child who has reached the age of one or more, in civil registry offices. It was analyzed a number of legal acts of domestic legislation in the field of civil and family legislation of Ukraine, scientific research on birth registration was done. An analysis of the legal acts regarding the registration of the birth of children in the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine, for which the general rules for the registration of newborns apply: it is carried out in the nearest departments of civil registry offices in the safe territory of Ukraine.&#x0D; The article analyzes the international document - the Convention on the Rights of the Child, according to which the participating states undertake to provide the child with such protection and care as is necessary for his well-being, taking into account the rights and obligations of his parents, guardians or other persons who meet for her by law, and for this purpose all appropriate legislative and administrative measures are taken.&#x0D; Thanks to the analysis of data from the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), was investigated the issue of the lack of birth registration for a significant number of newborns in the areas of Donetsk and Luhansk regions not under the control of the government of Ukraine, due to which they may be at risk of statelessness, since at the age of 14 they will not be able to apply for a passport of a citizen of Ukraine. It was emphasized that there is a need to protect the rights and interests of children regarding their birth registration.&#x0D; Since parents, when applying to the civil registry offices with an application for state registration of the birth of a child who has reached 1 year or older, may face an obstacle in registering the birth of their children, due to the lack of a complete package of documents, namely: certificates of the child’s stay under the supervision of the institution health care, certificates from the child’s place of residence. Proposals regarding the simplified procedure for the state registration of the birth of children have been provided.&#x0D; It was emphasized that there is a need to protect the rights and interests of children regarding their birth registration, and proposals were made for a simplified procedure for registering their birth. In particular, it is proposed to amend Article 13 of the aforementioned Law of Ukraine «On State Registration of Civil Status Acts» regarding state registration of the birth of a child, namely: regarding the possibility of carrying out state registration of birth at the place of residence of the child and at the place of residence of the parents or one of them, excluding the requirements for presenting a certificate from the place of residence of the child during the state registration of the birth of a child who has reached one year or more, a certificate about the child’s stay under supervision healthcare facility.

The right to delayed parenthood/maternity – separate issues of legal regulation

The article analyzes the peculiarities of legal relations arising in connection with the cryopreservation of human biological material – embryos and reproductive cells, namely: determining the origin of a child born in this way. It is noted that the birth of children is a component of the demographic policy of the state, and the use of assisted reproductive technologies can change the demographic situation in society for the better. Cryopreservation is relevant not only in cases when a couple who wants to have children have difficulties with conception, but also when such problems do not yet exist, but they may arise with a high probability – this applies to such categories of citizens who are undergoing treatment for oncological diseases with a risk of loss reproductive health, as well as citizens who constantly risk their lives and health due to their activities: military personnel, policemen or workers at factories with harmful working conditions.&#x0D; The author notes that medical biotechnologies are becoming more and more diverse and effective, scientific achievements are penetrating deeper and deeper into the natural processes of human reproduction, therefore there is a need to resolve legal issues related to cryopreservation. And the realization of the right to cryopreservation requires legal regulation of so-called delayed parenthood.&#x0D; From the point of view of family law, these relations are of interest in terms of the emergence of new family law relations. The author considers several models for determining the origin of a child born with the use of assisted reproductive technologies using cryopreserved reproductive cells or embryos. Separate issues of postmortem reproduction are considered.&#x0D; The author concludes that there is a need for legislative regulation of gaps in the field of cryopreservation of reproductive cells and embryos, which will allow to ensure proper consolidation of the guarantee of the right to paternity/maternity and an effective mechanism for their implementation in cases of restriction of vital activity or death of a person.

THE GENERAL CULTURAL ASPECT OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS BY MEANS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

The health of young people is a socially significant category of society, the most important condition for the successful implementation of professional knowledge, skill, creative activity, and performance of future specialists. It has long been an axiom: good physical fitness during student years is the key not only to health and successful mastery of educational material, but also, in the future, highly productive mental and physical labor, the birth of healthy children, active longevity and many positive phenomena associated with this.&#x0D; Therefore, physical culture, presented in higher educational institutions as an academic discipline that promotes the harmonious development of the individual, is an integral part of higher education. The program of the discipline “Physical Education” states that the goal of physical education of NTUU “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” students is the formation of physical culture of the individual and the ability to purposefully use a variety of means of physical culture, sports, and tourism to preserve and improve health, psychophysical training, and selfpreparation for future professional activities.&#x0D; The capabilities of physical culture in achieving these goals are determined by the functions it performs biological, informational, aesthetic, communicative, hedonistic, compensatory and several others.&#x0D; Along with this, in modern society, physical culture has begun to perform the functions of a social institution that helps the future specialist to navigate well in market conditions. For this purpose, means of physical education are used to develop students' managerial readiness, desire for leadership, and success.&#x0D; As a result of combined educational and physical culture-sports activities, students also develop socially significant qualities: social activity, independence, self-confidence, ambition.&#x0D; The task of physical education at a university is not only to develop certain physical skills and abilities in students, to increase the level of physical fitness, and to improve physical qualities. During the training process, future specialists must master the system of scientific, practical, and special knowledge necessary to understand the natural and social processes of the functioning of the physical culture of society and the individual.&#x0D; This article will help students understand the essence, objectives, goals and possibilities of physical culture and sports in a wide range of their manifestations.

Technology for Biobanking of Epididymal Spermatozoa from Patient with Obstructive Azoospermia: Case Report about Baby Born after Conventional Freezing Only with a Nonpermeable Cryoprotectant 360 kDa Polyvinylpyrrolidone.

This publication reports, for the first time, the birth of a healthy child after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of motile spermatozoa after conventional ("slow") freezing of epididymal spermatozoa using 5% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) of high molecular weight (360 kDa). Cryopreservation solution with 10% PVP was added to 30 µL of spermatozoa suspension in a 1:1 ratio, with a final PVP concentration of 5%. Then, polycarbonate capillaries for oocyte denudation with a diameter of 170 µm were filled with 60 µL of the resulting sperm suspension. After that, the capillaries were placed for 10 minutes at a height of 15 cm above liquid nitrogen and immersed into liquid nitrogen. To warm the spermatozoa, the capillaries were immersed in a water bath at a temperature of 40°C for 30 seconds. Oocyte fertilization was performed by ICSI. Zygotes were cultured in vitro for 5 days to the blastocyst stage. More than 100 spermatozoa were obtained after percutaneous epidydimal sperm aspiration, of which 80% were motile. After cryopreservation, storage for 3 months in liquid nitrogen, and thawing, 72% of the total sperm cells remained motile. Ten oocyte-cumulus complexes were found after follicle puncture, and eight metaphase II stage oocytes were fertilized using ICSI. After 18 hours, two pronuclei were found in seven (88%) of the oocytes. An analysis of the morphological characteristics of 5-day-old embryos showed that four (57%) of them reached the blastocyst stage. One embryo was transferred, and the remaining embryos were cryopreserved (vitrified). The onset of pregnancy was detected on the 14th day after embryo transfer, and one healthy girl (3300 g) was born at term.

Customary Deprivation: Perceptions of Legatee in Igbo land and Female Property Crimes amongst Enugu Urban Inhabitants

This study aims to garner perceptions of Enugu inhabitants on the customary practice of property transfer to inheritors and its nexus to female property crimes (FPCs). Inheritance is an age-old practice which tends to favour male folks. Women have often been relegated to the kitchen. This practice is embedded in most African cultures where the birth of a male is valued over the birth of a female child. Denial of female rights of inheritance, denial of ownership of landed property, and female marginalization in almost all social institutions seem to stem from patriarchy which in turn tend to predispose women to property crimes. This study anchored on Relative Deprivation theory. Mixed method approach was adopted. Sampling of participant was based on multi-stage sampling procedure and purposive sampling. The sample size is 1015 for the quantitative part of the study and nine key informants for the qualitative aspect. This study found that the customary practice of legatee in Igbo land is embedded in patriarchy and this holds adverse economic effects for women, culminating in FPCs which involve women of youthful age who are mostly in full blown exposure of the existing privileges and cover offered to women in patriarchal societies especially when married. This study concludes that patriarchy understood as domination of vital social and political positions by men and exclusion of women from inheriting family lands and properties is implicit to FPCs.

Thorny entanglements: feminism, eugenics and the Abortion Law Reform Association's (ALRA) campaign for safe, accessible abortion in Britain, 1936-1967.

For the past two decades anti-abortionists in the Global North have been aggressively instrumentalising disability in order to undermine women's social autonomy, asserting, falsely, there is an insuperable conflict between disability rights and reproductive rights. The utilisation of disability in struggles over abortion access is not new, it has a history dating back to the interwar era. Indeed, decades before anti-abortionists' campaign, feminists invoked disability to expand access to safe abortion. This paper examines the feminist eugenics in the first organisation dedicated to liberalising restrictive abortion laws, the Abortion Law Reform Association (ALRA), established in England in 1936. ALRA played a vital role in the passage of the Abortion Act 1967 (or the Act) that greatly expanded the grounds for legal abortion, a hugely important gain for women in Britain and beyond seeking legal, safe abortions. In addition, the Act permitted eugenic abortion, which also had transnational effects: within a decade, jurisdictions in numerous Commonwealth countries passed abortion laws that incorporated the Act's eugenics clause, sometimes verbatim. This essay analyses ALRA's role in codifying eugenics in the Abortion Act 1967 and argues that from the outset, ALRA was simultaneously a feminist and eugenist association. Initially, ALRA prioritized their feminist commitment to 'voluntary motherhood' in their campaign whereas starting in the 1940s, they subordinated feminism to negative eugenics, a shift that was simultaneously strategic and a reflection of genuine concern to prevent the birth of children with disabilities.

Legal regulation of the implementation and protection of the rights of participants in surrogate motherhood legal relations in the conditions of war in Ukraine

On February 24, 2022, a full-scale war is taking place on the territory of Ukraine. Millions of people lost their homes and jobs. Children, as the most vulnerable category of the population, were particularly affected. Thousands of children were left without parental care, and some were not handed over to their legal parents at all. These events necessitated the study of the chosen research topic. The article is devoted to the rights of children who became victims of martial law on the territory of Ukraine as a result of the attack of the Russian Federation. The article shows the number of children affected by the war. The general principles of protection of children’s rights, defined by the international legislation are considered. An example of international experience in the protection of children in martial law is given. Particular attention is paid to the protection of the rights of children born to surrogate mothers during hostility in Ukraine. Problems of realization of the rights of participants of the specified legal relations are defined. It has been established that the fulfillment of the terms of the contract by the surrogate mother does not guarantee the protection of the interests of the child. The problems of the procedure of registration and documentation of the birth of children are mentioned. The provisions of the Family Code of Ukraine and other special legislation on the legal regulation of the procedure for registration of the birth of a child have been studied. It is noted that in conditions of martial law in the occupied territories, and in cities where hostilities continue, registration is impossible. Changes in the national legislation, introduction for the period of martial law in the field of the specified questions are considered. The author examines the possibility of adopting children born to surrogate mothers, as well as those left without care or evacuated to other countries. Conclusions were made about the impossibility of adopting these children under the accelerated procedure. Emphasis is placed on the need to comply with the adoption procedure established by national law. At the same time, it was noted about the need to strengthen the work of consulates in order to register children who are temporarily in another state. It is proposed in Ukraine to create appropriate registers of potential parents who apply to Ukrainian medical institutions for the birth of children from surrogate mothers. In order to record information about newborns and facilitate the search for biological parents of their own children, it is proposed to use the application “Diia”. In addition to these conclusions, the author stressed the need for Ukraine to ratify the Rome Statute.

Aneuploidy in Oocytes From Women of Advanced Maternal Age: Analysis of the Causal Meiotic Errors and Impact on Embryo Development

ABSTRACT Many chromosome abnormalities are commonly observed and can lead to early pregnancy loss, miscarriage, or the birth of children with chromosomal defects. Such abnormalities are considered a major factor in the low pregnancy rate after assisted reproductive technology and natural conception. Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) aims to minimize the transfer of aneuploid embryos. Embryonic aneuploidies arising from errors in meiosis have an incidence of approximately 25% in embryos from women younger than 35 years, to more than half in embryos from women aged older than 35 years. Although these embryos are able to develop to the blastocyst stage, they tend to be of lower morphological quality. A recent multicenter randomized clinical trial (ESTEEM) analyzed polar bodies (PBs) from women after intracytoplasmic sperm injection aged between 36 and 40 years using microarrays in 205 cycles and found that the transfer of embryos from euploid oocytes did not lead to a higher live birth rate but was associated with a reduction in the number of embryo transfers and miscarriages. This study aimed to evaluate all PB results from this RCT and characterize the types of chromosomal abnormalities and the chromosomes most frequently affected. The ESTEEM trial obtained biopsy of first (PB1) and second (PB2) PB in the cohort receiving PGT-A and analyzed them using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). A total of 693 PB pairs had full results available, including 676 confirmed fertilized oocytes. Chromosome segregations, including likely underlying mechanisms, from these pairs are reported here. To estimate the reliability of the aCGH procedure, 72 PB pairs from a single center were reanalyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Embryos were classified into 4 categories based on morphology: good, fair, poor, and degenerated. A comparative analysis was performed to assess the association between chromosome status and embryo quality as well as study group (PGT-A vs control) and embryo quality. A total of 213/676 oocytes were euploid and 413/676 were aneuploid, whereas in the remaining 50 oocytes, an abnormality observed in PB1 was compensated by an abnormality in PB2. A total of 693 PB pairs reported chromatic numbers with results for 15,939 chromosomes. An abnormal segregation, in PB1 and/or PB2, was observed in 1162 chromosomes (7.3%) in 461 PB pairs. Chromosomes 22 (16.7%), 16 (16.6%), 19 (14.4%), 21 (13.7%), and 15 (12.4%) had the highest frequencies for abnormal segregations. The abnormal segregations were compatible with precocious separation of sister chromatids in meiosis 1 (M1) (n = 568; 48.9%), nondisjunction of chromatics in meiosis 2 (M2) or reverse segregation (n = 417; 35.9%), and nondisjunction in M1 (n = 65; 5.6%). However, 112 chromosomes had segregation patterns that could not be categorized into 1 of the 9 known mechanisms causing aneuploidy in oocytes. Concordance between aCGH and NGS was obtained for both PBs for 1650 of 1656 analyzed chromosomes (99.6%). Embryos predicted to be aneuploid had significantly worse quality scores on day 3 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43–0.90), day 4 (aOR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.06–0.39), and day 5 (aOR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.14–0.58). This study represents one of the largest analyses of chromosomal copy number in both PBs to date and highlights the frequent unexplained chromosome copy numbers underscoring the gap of knowledge into the mechanisms causing aneuploidy in oocytes.